Basics of vibration measurement

Vibration measurement for machine monitoring

In machine operation, unwanted vibrations are usually caused by mechanical imbalance, misalignment of components or material wear. In the worst case scenario, this can lead to expensive downtime. In some applications, however, vibrations are also generated intentionally, for example in vibratory conveyors and vibrating screens. In any case, precise measurement and analysis of the pulses is required in order to detect faults at an early stage.


Different measured variables are recorded depending on the area of application:
  • Vibration acceleration (without integrator), particularly suitable for higher-frequency vibrations, e.g. on roller bearings or gears and for shocks
  • Vibration velocity (integrator), particularly suitable for machine condition monitoring according to ISO 20816
  • Vibration displacement (double integrator), particularly suitable for measuring the vibration amplitude on vibrating conveyors, vibrating screens and sifters

Small glossary of technical terms

  • RMS: Root mean square value
  • Peak-to-peak: Full vertical length of the sine curve
  • Integrator: Electrical circuit that integrates an input signal over time
  • Vibration amplitude: Maximum distance that a vibrating object reaches from its center position
  • Frequency band: Defined range of frequencies between the lower and upper limit frequencies
  • Break acceleration: Load limit of the sensor, specified in g (acceleration due to gravity)
  • Coupling surface: Surface to which the sensor is attached
  • Roughness: Unevenness of the surface height
  • Smooth running: Trouble-free running of a machine
  • DIN ISO 2954: Standard „Mechanical vibration of reciprocating machines and of machines with rotating components - Requirements for vibration severity meters“
  • ISO 10816 and ISO 20816: IEC standards for mechanical vibrations
  • VDI 3832: VDI guideline for structure-borne noise measurements for assessing the condition of rolling bearings in machines and systems
Sensors for vibration measurement